CRITICAL: Vulnerable HTTP Report

DESCRIPTION LAST UPDATED: 2024-03-08

DEFAULT SEVERITY LEVEL: CRITICAL

This report identifies hosts that have the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) service running on some port that may have a vulnerability.

We typically focus on pre-auth RCE vulnerabilities (or vulnerabilities that can be chained together by attackers to remotely execute code) in critical or otherwise popular software that is often exposed to the public Internet. We strongly recommend reviewing any system (and your network!) for signs of compromise if you receive a report from us. This is because many of these are known to be actively exploited in the wild. You should also make sure to proceed to mitigate the vulnerability based on the current vendor recommendations.

It currently focuses on the following vulnerabilities:

  • Zimbra Communication Suite – a CVE-2022-37042 vulnerability discovered by Volexity (blog published 2022-08-10) that allows for remote code execution, and has been exploited in the wild since at least June 2022. This vulnerability was patched in Zimbra releases ZCS 9.0.0 Patch 26 and ZCS 8.8.15 Patch 33, July 28th,2022. If you receive a report on an IP tagged cve-2022-37042 it is likely you are vulnerable to this exploit and possibly already compromised (which may involve a webshell being installed by an attacker). Please note we are making this assessment entirely on the ZCS build time, and tagging all versions earlier than 2022-07-26 build time as vulnerable. Hence, there is a possibility of false positives.
  • HTTP hosts that implement Basic Authentication in plain HTTP. This is a security risk as credentials are transmitted in cleartext, without encryption. Enforce the use of HTTPS instead.  Instances found will be tagged basic-auth in the report message. Note these are classified as severity MEDIUM, lower than the report default
  • Exposed .git folders. We scan every IPv4 for with a GET /.git/config query. The tag in this case is git-config-file. For an overview of security risks associated with .git exposure and what actions you can take to mitigate the risk, please read “Unprotected .git folders on the internet pose a security risk” by NCSC CH.
  • Vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OpenSSO Agent), tagged as cve-2021-35587 allowing for unauthenticated remote code execution. If you get such an alert make sure to apply Oracle’s patches here.
  • Likely AMI MegaRAC vulnerabilities – used by multiple vendors – as described in Eclypsium’s post “Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Put Server Ecosystem at Risk”.  In this case we scan for exposed Redfish API endpoints, however we are not able to verify if these have been patched and thus not vulnerable anymore (CVE-2022-40259). Nevertheless, these should not be exposed to the public Internet. We tag these as megarac and potential-megaracThe difference in the tags reflects our confidence in identifying the device. If you get an alert make sure to apply your vendor’s latest patches!
  • Fortinet CVE-2022-42475 (CVSS 9.8 RCE) based on Fortinet version scanning (where possible).  These are tagged cve-2022-42475If you get an alert make sure to apply the patch specified in the advisory.
  • Citrix  CVE-2022-27510 (CVSS 9.8 RCE) based on version information parsed from /vpn/index.html. These are tagged cve-2022-27510If you get an alert make sure to apply the updates specified in the advisory. For additional background please read the Fox-IT article on remotely fingerprinting Citrix ADC and Gateway versions.
  • VMware CVE-2021-21972 (remote code execution vulnerability in the vSphere Client, CVSS 9.8 RCE).  These are tagged cve-2021-21972. Note: this check is version based. If you get an alert make sure to apply the updates specified in the advisory.
  • Multiple VMware ESXi vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-21974 (CVSS 8.8), CVE-2020-3992 (CVSS 9.8),  CVE-2019-5544 (CVSS 9.8) tagged as cve-2021-21974, cve-2020-3992, cve-2019-5544. As of 2023-02-06, it is possible they are being used in ransomware attacks as described in this CERT-FR advisory. Note: this check is version based. It is possible that these services have other mitigations in place. Nevertheless, if you receive an alert, we recommend to apply the latest VMware updates!
  • Joomla CVE-2023-23752: An improper access check allows unauthorized access to webservice endpoints, affecting Joomla! CMS versions 4.0.0-4.2.7. While this has been given only a CVSS of 5.3, exploitation details are public and trivial, and many of the vulnerable endpoints disclose their actual unencrypted passwords. Make sure to update your Joomla instance as advised in their advisory [20230201] – Core – Improper access check in webservice endpoints. Tagged as cve-2023-23752.
  • Geoserver CVE-2023-25157 (CVSS 9.8) and CVE-2022-24816 (CVSS 9.8).  These are two unauthenticated RCE vulnerabilities in GeoServer, a popular open source software server written in Java that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Tagging is based on the version returned for a query for /geoserver/web/. Make sure to apply the latest patches to your Geoserver instance! Tagged as cve-2023-25157 and cve-2022-24816.
  • Jenkins CVE-2023-27898. CVE tagging is based on X-Jenkins header:  LTS >= 2.270.0 < 2.375.4 or non-LTS >= 2.270 <= 2.393.  Tagged as cve-2023-27898.
  • Fortinet CVE-2023-27997  (a heap buffer overflow in SSL-VPN pre-authentication that can be exploited by remote attackers to execute code or commands). See the Fortinet FG-IR-23097 advisory for Fortinet versions affected and patch information.  Tagged as cve-2023-27997. This is a version based assessment. Make sure to apply patches!
  • Possibly compromised Progress MOVEit Transfer instances with webshells. Tagged as moveit. These will have been breached most likely due to CVE-2023-34362. Read more on the MOVEit vulnerability in the Progress advisory “MOVEit Transfer Critical Vulnerability 31May2023”. Check our Device Identification report for all exposed instances (no vulnerability assessment)
  • VMware CVE-2023-20892 (vCenter Server contains a heap overflow vulnerability due to the usage of uninitialized memory in the implementation of the DCERPC protocol). Scan is based on VMware versions detected. Tagged as  cve-2023-20892
  • Fortinet CVE-2023-33308 (FortiOS/FortiProxy – Proxy mode with deep inspection – Stack-based buffer overflow). This is a version based assessment. Make sure to apply patches! Tagged as cve-2023-33308.
  • Citrix CVE-2023-3519 (Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability). This assessment is version based – that is we tag all IPs where we see a version hash in a Citrix instance. This is due to the fact that Citrix has removed version hash information in recent revisions, including the latest update with the fix. It is thus safe to assume in our view that all instances that still provide version hashes have not been updated and thus, providing no mitigation is in place, remain vulnerable. In addition, we have also added tagged as vulnerable instances that return a Last Modified headers with a date before July 1, 2023 00:00:00Z. Make sure to update as per the Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway Security Bulletin for CVE-2023-3519, CVE-2023-3466, CVE-2023-3467 advisory. Tagged as cve-2023-3519. If you received an alert for your network/constituency or did not patch before July 20th 2023 please read our Technical Summary of Observed Citrix CVE-2023-3519 Incidents for information how to detect and hunt for compromise, including webshells installed by threat actors.
  • Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPMM), formerly known as MobileIron Core CVE-2023-35078. CVE-2023-35078 is a pre-auth RCE that has been exploited by threat actors against the Norwegian government. Make sure to update to the latest version as per the Ivanti advisory.  We also notify of instances possibly vulnerable to an Apache HTTP server vulnerability CVE-2023-25690. Tagged as cve-2023-35078 and cve-2023-25690. 
  • Metabase CVE-2023-38646. An unauthenticated attacker can run arbitrary commands with the same privileges as the Metabase server on the server you are running Metabase. Make sure to upgrade as per the Metabase advisory. This is a version based scan. Tagged cve-2023-38646.
  • Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPMM), formerly known as MobileIron Core CVE-2023-35082. This is a pre-auth RCE. Make sure to update to the latest version. Tagged as cve-2023-35082 [tagging first added 2023-08-07]
  • PaperCut NG/MF CVE-2023-39143 (PaperCut NG and PaperCut MF before 22.1.3 on Windows allow path traversal, enabling attackers to upload, read, or delete arbitrary files). Tagged as cve-2023-39143[tagging first added 2023-08-08]
  • JetBrains TeamCity CVE-2023-42793 (JetBrains TeamCity before 2023.05.4 authentication bypass leading to RCE). If you receive a report, please make sure to check for signs of compromise and update (see the JetBrains advisory). Tagged as cve-2023-42793[tagging first added 2023-09-29]
  • Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway CVE-2023-4966 (Sensitive information disclosure in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway, 9.4 CVSS). Follow the patching instructions from the Citrix advisory. Tagged as  cve-2023-4966[tagging first added 2023-10-11]
  • Roundcube Webmail  CVE-2023-5631 (Roundcube before 1.4.15, 1.5.x before 1.5.5, and 1.6.x before 1.6.4 allows stored XSS via an HTML e-mail message with a crafted SVG document). While rated “only” CVSS 5.4, it has been used by at least one APT actor to execute JavaScript code in the browser of the victim in the context of their Roundcube session. For more details of how this vulnerability can be exploited see ESET’s Winter Vivern exploits zero-day vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail servers writeup. Please make sure to update your Roundcube Webmail versions and investigate if your users may have been targeted: See: https://roundcube.net/news/2023/10/16/security-updates-1.5.5-and-1.4.15 and https://roundcube.net/news/2023/10/16/security-update-1.6.4-released. Tagged as cve-2023-5631. [tagging first added 2023-10-27]
  • VMware vCenter CVE-2023-34048 (VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability). This is a CVSS 9.8 RCE. Make sure to follow the VMware advisory for updating.  We perform a version check over the exposed HTTP interface, but actual exploitation requires access to the DCERPC service. We tag cve-2023-34048 all the versions that are vulnerable and in addition tag vcenter-dcerpc-exposed all instances that also have the DCERPC service accessible (and thus exploitable).[tagging first added 2023-11-02]
  • CrushFTP CVE-2023-43177 (CrushFTP prior to 10.5.1 is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes). This is a pre-auth RCE. Make sure you upgrade. Tagged as  cve-2023-43177. [tagging first added 2023-11-20]
  • F5 BIG-IP CVE-2023-46747 (F5 BIG-IP Configuration Utility Authentication Bypass Vulnerability). This is a pre-auth RCE. Please follow update and mitigation advice listed in the F5 advisory on the issue.  You should also not expose this configuration interface to the Internet regardless of this vulnerability! Tagged as cve-2023-46747. [tagging first added 2023-11-28]
  • Ivanti Connect Secure (previously known as Pulse Connect Secure VPN)  CVE-2023-46805 & CVE-2024-21887.  These vulnerabilities when chained together allow for pre-auth RCE. The vulnerabilities are confirmed exploited in the wild by Volexity. If you receive a report from us make sure to check for signs of compromise. Make sure to apply the mitigation proposed by Ivanti in their advisory: CVE-2023-46805 (Authentication Bypass) & CVE-2024-21887 (Command Injection) for Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure Gateways. Tagged as cve-2023-46805 and cve-2024-21887. For tagging, we use the methodology described by WatchTowr. This should enable identification of instances that have NOT applied the mitigation provided by Ivanti, thus remaining vulnerable. Any Ivanti Connect Secure device that responds to our request with either of the following is tagged as vulnerable [tagging first added 2024-01-14]:
    • 403 Forbidden and does NOT contain Access to the Web site is blocked by your administrator. Please notify your system administrator in the  body (as of 2023-01-10 we also take into account equivalent texts in other languages that Ivanti supports to avoid FPs – if you find we missed a language please let us know!)
    • 302 Found

Please note on 2024-02-02 we modified detection to take into account the patch released by Ivanti (ie. to not report instances that removed the mitigation but patched as vulnerable).

  • Citrix CVE-2023-6549 (“Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows Unauthenticated Denial of Service”). See Citrix advisory for details. Tagged as cve-2023-6549. [tagging first added 2024-01-18]
  • NextGen Healthcare Mirth Connect CVE-2023-43208 (NextGen Healthcare Mirth Connect before version 4.4.1 is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution). Please update to the latest version! For details behind the vulnerability see this writeup by Horizon3.ai. This is a version based scan. Tagged as cve-2023-43208. [tagging first added 2024-01-18]
  • GitLab CE/EE CVE-2023-7028 (User account password reset emails can be delivered to an unverified email address).  See the GitLab advisory for me details and patch information. Tagged as cve-2023-7028.[tagging first added 2024-01-22]
  • Fortra GoAnywhere MFT CVE-2024-0204 (Authentication bypass in Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT prior to 7.4.1 allows an unauthorized user to create an admin user via the administration portal.). If you receive a report from us make sure to review for signs of compromise and follow the Fortra advisory on patching. Please note that remote access to the administration portal is required for remote exploitation. We also share a list of unpatched GoAnywhere MFT instances based on the SSH banner in our Accessible SSH report – this does not mean these devices are remotely exploitable as access to the HTTP admin portal is required for exploitability. Tagged as cve-2024-0204.[tagging first added 2024-01-25].
  • Jenkins CVE-2024-23897 (Arbitrary file read vulnerability through the CLI can lead to RCE). See Jenkins advisory for details and patch. Tagged as cve-2024-23897.[tagging first added 2024-01-26]
  • Ivanti Connect Secure CVE-2024-22024  & CVE-2024-21887 (all version based). These are all RCE vulnerabilities exploited in the wild. If you receive an alert from us on a vulnerable device, make sure to review for compromise. Follow latest Ivanti guidelines/patches. Tagged as cve-2024-22024, cve-2024-21887.  [tagging first added 2024-02-13].
  • Roundcube CVE-2023-43770 – Roundcube Webmail Persistent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability (version based). This vulnerability has been added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability catalog and is present in versions before 1.4.14, 1.5.x before 1.5.4, and 1.6.x before 1.6.3. Make sure to patch to the latest version of Roudcube! Tagged as cve-2023-43770. [tagging first added 2024-02-13]
  • Fortinet CVE-2024-21762 – Fortinet FortiOS Out-of-Bound Write Vulnerability (version based on cases where we can establish the version). This vulnerability has been added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability catalog. Follow Fortinet advisory FG-IR-24-015.  Check for possible compromise. Tagged as cve-2024-21762 [tagging first added 2024-02-13]. Update: We expanded the scanning to use a Last-Modified header date (thanks Gi7w0rm & LeakIX!) . Added 2024-03-05.
  • JetBrains TeamCity CVE-2024-23917 (Authentication bypass leading to RCE was possible). This is a version based scan. Make sure to update to latest version! Tagged as cve-2024-23917 [tagging first added 2024-02-14]
  • ConnectWise ScreenConnect RCE vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-1709): An authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel (CVSS 10) and a path traversal issue (CVSS 8.4).  Affected versions: ScreenConnect 23.9.7 and prior. Make sure to update to the latest versions! Tagged originally as vulnerable-screenconnect as no CVE was originally assigned [this tagging first added 2024-02-20]. Update: these are now tagged cve-2024-1709 after 2024-02-22.
  • JetBrains TeamCity CVE-2024-27198 (authentication bypass vulnerability in the web component of TeamCity). This vulnerability was discovered by Rapid7  See the advisory from JetBrains and update to the latest version! This is a version based scan. Tagged as cve-2024-27198. [tagging first added 2024-03-05]
  • VMware ESXi multiple vulnerabilities addressed in VMSA-2024-0006 . We use CVE-2024-22252 to tag but this covers also the other CVE-2024-22253, CVE-2024-22254, CVE-2024-22255 that have been reported. Tagged as cve-2024-22252. [tagging first added 2023-03-07]

Other vulnerabilities may be added in the future to this report. As some of the assessments are version based, false positives may be possible (or alternatively, mitigations/workarounds may be in place or affected features not enabled). Please let us know if you believe that is the case for a report we sent you.

You can view results from our vulnerable HTTP scans in our Dashboard here. You can select a tag for a CVE for specific vulnerability to track by selecting CVE-XXXX-XXXX+, ie. a CVE tag with a + suffix.

Looking for vulnerable Microsoft Exchange CVEs that we track? We have a separate Vulnerable Exchange Server report.

You can track which of the above vulnerabilities we see exploited in our daily Exploited Vulnerabilities list. This is sourced from our honeypot sensor network.

For a report on all exposed devices/models/products check out our Device Identification report. This report effectively provides an asset inventory you can use for incident triage.

For a report about all accessible HTTP hosts (including those without vulnerabilities) please see our Accessible HTTP Report.

For more information on our scanning efforts, check out our Internet scanning summary page.

Severity levels are described here.

This report has an IPv4 and IPv6 version.

Filename(s): scan_http_vulnerable, scan6_http_vulnerable

Fields

  • timestamp
    Time that the IP was probed in UTC+0
  • severity
    Severity level
  • ip
    The IP address of the device in question
  • protocol
    Protocol that the HTTP response came on (always TCP)
  • port
    Port that the HTTP response came from
  • hostname
    Reverse DNS name of the device in question
  • tag
    Additional tag information about host, for example "basic-auth"
  • sector
    Sector to which the device belongs to
  • asn
    ASN of where the device in question resides
  • geo
    Country where the device in question resides
  • region
    State / Province / Administrative region where the device in question resides
  • city
    City in which the device in question resides
  • naics
    North American Industry Classification System Code
  • hostname_source
    Hostname source
  • http
    Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version
  • http_code
    HTTP Response code: e.g., 200, 401, 404
  • http_reason
    The text reason to go with the HTTP Code
  • content_type
    The MIME type of the body of the request (used with POST and PUT requests)
  • connection
    Control options for the current connection and list of hop-by-hop request fields
  • www_authenticate
    Indicates the authentication scheme that should be used to access the requested entity
  • set_cookie
    The HTTP Cookie to be set
  • server
    HTTP Server type
  • content_length
    The length of the response body in octets
  • transfer_encoding
    The form of encoding used to safely transfer the entity to the user
  • http_date
    The date and time that the message was sent
  • build_date
    Build date
  • detail
    Additional details, if any
  • build_branch
    Build branch

Sample

"timestamp","severity","ip","protocol","port","hostname","tag","sector","asn","geo","region","city","naics","hostname_source","http","http_code","http_reason","content_type","connection","www_authenticate","set_cookie","server","content_length","transfer_encoding","http_date","version","build_date","detail","build_branch"
"2010-02-10 00:00:00",medium,192.168.0.1,tcp,10001,node01.example.com,basic-auth;http,,64512,ZZ,Region,City,0,ptr,HTTP/1.0,401,Unauthorized,text/html,close,"Basic realm=\"\"IP_Camera\"\"",,httpd,,,"Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT",,,fdcd0173b7155f83f8261da0c4a618e1141716d8f8633fb4fd6c90844a08e33b,/
"2010-02-10 00:00:01",medium,192.168.0.2,tcp,10001,node02.example.com,basic-auth;http,,64512,ZZ,Region,City,0,ptr,HTTP/1.0,401,Unauthorized,text/html,close,"Basic realm=\"\"IP_Camera\"\"",,httpd,,,"Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:01 GMT",,,fdcd0173b7155f83f8261da0c4a618e1141716d8f8633fb4fd6c90844a08e33b,/
"2010-02-10 00:00:02",medium,192.168.0.3,tcp,10001,node03.example.com,basic-auth;http,,64512,ZZ,Region,City,0,,HTTP/1.1,401,Unauthorized,"text/html; charset=%s",close,"Basic realm=\"\"\"\"",,475ed064-dd12-cbe4-1c3b-af42d6b62530,,,"Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:02 GMT",,,02a3ace58bfe5507a76a4034e628bb8e2303ed53be8b1d3732566fb358bc6761,/

Our 124 Report Types